![]() Hortensius, the leading orators of the day, cultivated Brutus. He composed partisan tracts against Pompey and in praise of Cato and Appius Claudius. He was also a powerful orator and pamphleteer. He wrote treatises on virtue, on duties, and on patience which were much admired. Brutus's Philosophy and Characterīrutus was eclectic in his philosophical beliefs, following the teachings of the Academy and the Stoics. Brutus rallied his legions, but he too was defeated in a second battle and took his own life. In the first engagement Brutus overran the camp of Octavian, butĬassius in a fit of despair after being defeated by Antony committed suicide. From Asia the two men returned to Europe and met the forces of Antony and Octavian at Philippi in October 42. When Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus formed the Second Triumvirate to avenge Caesar, Brutus left Greece to join forces with Cassius in Asia and prepare for war. When Octavian seized the consulship in August 43, one of his first acts was to revoke the amnesty given to the assassins of Caesar. After the defeat of Antony at Mutina the Senate voted Brutus and Cassius command over the entire East.īut fortune soon changed for the worse. In February 43 the Senate recognized Brutus's position in Macedonia, Illyricum, and Greece. Building a Base of PowerĮstablishing himself at Athens, Brutus conscripted troops, requisitioned money on its way to Rome from Asia, seized arms, accepted illegally the governorship of Macedonia, took over the province of Illyricum, and defeated Antony's brother Gaius, sent out to check him. At the end of August both men went to the East. ![]() Eventually Brutus was assigned the province of Cyprus, and Cassius, Cyrene. Although the Senate voted them amnesty on March 17, 44, and Brutus was allowed to address the people, he and Cassius left Rome in April in the face of mounting hostility. The death of the dictator, he naively believed, would automatically restore liberty and the republic.Īfter the death of Caesar the conspirators soon found themselves outmaneuvered by Antony. ![]() It was Brutus's personality and idealism which gave the conspiracy its force and direction, and Brutus insisted that action be taken against CaesarĪlone. At the time no one accused him of acting out of personal antagonism. Junius Brutus, who slew the last king of Rome and Stoic dogma, which declared the murder of a tyrant not only just but obligatory. The Conspiracyīrutus's reasons for joining the conspiracy against Caesar were complex: the persuasiveness of its chief organizer, Cassius the martyrdom of Cato, whose daughter Brutus had married in 45 B.C. Back in Rome Caesar continued to show Brutus favor, appointing him governor of Cisalpine Gaul in 46 and choosing him over Cassius for the important post of city praetor for 44. He later met Caesar at Tarsus in Cilicia and accompanied him on his triumphal campaign in Asia. Cato persuaded Brutus to bury his differences with Pompey and fight with him in Greece.Īfter the Battle of Pharsalus Brutus requested and readily received pardon from Caesar. In Rome after 52 Brutus joined in attacks on Pompey, but as the civil war approached, he chose the senatorial side, accepting appointment as legate to P. Elected quaestor for 53 B.C., Brutus refused to join Caesar's staff in Gaul but went to Cilicia with his father-in-law, Appius Claudius Pulcher. On his return to Rome he abused that confidence by lending money to the Cypriot Senate at the extortionate rate of 48 percent and by using force to exact its payment. In 58 Brutus accompanied Cato to Cyprus, where he earned the confidence of prominent Cypriots. But Vettius's story lacked credibility and was ridiculed in the Senate. Vettius named Brutus as a member of a plot to murder Pompey. Caepio who had been engaged to Julia, daughter of Julius Caesar, until Caesar broke the engagement a few days before the marriage in 59 B.C. Under Cato's direction Brutus began his philosophical studies in Rome and continued them in Athens.īrutus may have been the Q. But Cato exercised the dominant influence over him in his youth. After the death of his father, Brutus was adopted by his uncle and took the name Quintus Caepio Brutus. She became notorious as the mistress of Julius Caesar. Brutus's mother, Servilia, was the niece of the reformer M. Cornelius Sulla and was killed by Pompey in 78 B.C. Aemilius Lepidus to overthrow the government of L. The father of Brutus took part in the unsuccessful attempt of M. Brutus's contemporaries admired him for his political integrity and intellectual and literary attainments. 85-42 B.C.) was a Roman statesman and one of the conspirators who assassinated Julius Caesar.
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